Here’s a tidbit I was interested to learn: When most people are illiterate, they call poems and prayers by the first line. For example, when we say “the Our Father,” listeners know we are referring to the whole prayer, and not just those two words. Catholics and Orthodox call it “the Our Father,” since our history goes back to pre-literate times.
But an interesting thing takes place when literacy becomes widespread. We start calling things by a title. So Protestants call it “the Lord’s Prayer,” rather than “the Our Father.” The Reformation began about the time the first Bible was printed, and widespread literacy was on the way.
This raises a question about Jesus’ words from the Cross, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” Most people assume that, with these words, Jesus has reached the ultimate point of despair; he believes that God, his Father, has abandoned him.
But in Jesus’ time, and over the first 1500 years of Christian faith, those words would have been recognized as a title. They would refer to the whole psalm, and everything it says, right up to its triumphant conclusion. Let’s take a look at the whole psalm.
Psalm 21 (for Catholics and Orthodox) / Psalm 22 (for Protestants) begins:
1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? Why art thou so far from helping me, from the words of my groaning?
2 O my God, I cry by day, but thou dost not answer; and by night, but find no rest.
Thus far, it really does sound like Jesus is calling out in agony, struggling with a powerful sense of abandonment. But if those words are only the title of a Psalm that’s going to go on for 31 verses, what more does it say?
3 Yet thou art holy, enthroned on the praises of Israel.
4 In thee our fathers trusted; they trusted, and thou didst deliver them.
5 To thee they cried, and were saved; in thee they trusted, and were not disappointed.
6 But I am a worm, and no man; scorned by men, and despised by the people.
7 All who see me mock at me, they make mouths at me, they wag their heads;
8 “He committed his cause to the LORD; let him deliver him, let him rescue him, for he delights in him!”
9 Yet thou art he who took me from the womb; thou didst keep me safe upon my mother’s breasts.
10 Upon thee was I cast from my birth, and since my mother bore me thou hast been my God.
The speaker of this psalm is going back and forth, from terror and fear of abandonment, to reminding himself of the strength and faithfulness of the Lord.
11 Be not far from me, for trouble is near and there is none to help.
12 Many bulls encompass me, strong bulls of Bashan surround me;
13 they open wide their mouths at me, like a ravening and roaring lion.
14 I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; my heart is like wax, it is melted within my breast;
15 my strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue cleaves to my jaws; thou dost lay me in the dust of death.
16 Yea, dogs are round about me; a company of evildoers encircle me; they have pierced my hands and feet —
17 I can count all my bones — they stare and gloat over me;
18 they divide my garments among them, and for my raiment they cast lots.
The sufferer is faced with many threats, and feels terrified. But now, instead of asking why the Lord is far away, he resolutely calls him to come near:
19 But thou, O LORD, be not far off! O thou my help, hasten to my aid!
20 Deliver my soul from the sword, my life from the power of the dog!
21 Save me from the mouth of the lion, my afflicted soul from the horns of the wild oxen!
What follows is victorious. The suffering one who was so terrified now testifies that the LORD answered his prayer and delivered him:
22 I will tell of thy name to my brethren; in the midst of the congregation I will praise thee:
23 You who fear the LORD, praise him! all you sons of Jacob, glorify him, and stand in awe of him, all you sons of Israel!
24 For he has not despised or abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; and he has not hid his face from him, but has heard, when he cried to him.
25 From thee comes my praise in the great congregation; my vows I will pay before those who fear him.
26 The afflicted shall eat and be satisfied; those who seek him shall praise the LORD! May your hearts live for ever!
27 All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the LORD; and all the families of the nations shall worship before him.
28 For dominion belongs to the LORD, and he rules over the nations.
29 Yea, to him shall all the proud of the earth bow down; before him shall bow all who go down to the dust, and he who cannot keep himself alive.
30 Posterity shall serve him; men shall tell of the Lord to the coming generation,
31 and proclaim his deliverance to a people yet unborn, that he has wrought it.
Does that change the way you look at Jesus’ words from the Cross? It is a help to me. Though his suffering was extreme, it was not possible for the Son of God to doubt whether he would be saved. This was the plan laid from the foundation of the world, and not a surprise. It was the plan Jesus established, with his Father and the Holy Spirit. The foolish plans of the evil one will be obliterated by the brilliance of Pascha. Even from the Cross, Jesus can say, “He has not despised or abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; and he has not hid his face from him, but has heard, when he cried to him.”